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|Section2= |Section7= |Section8= }} Mustard agent, or sulphur mustard, commonly known as mustard gas, is a class of related cytotoxic and vesicant chemical warfare agents with the ability to form large blisters on the exposed skin and in the lungs.〔See: *(Mustard gas (Sulphur Mustard) (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Supplement7, 1987) ). Inchem.org (1998-02-09). Retrieved on 2011-05-29. *(【引用サイトリンク】title=History and Analysis of Mustard Agent and Lewisite Research Programs in the United States - Veterans at Risk - NCBI Bookshelf ) *(【引用サイトリンク】title=CDC - Facts About Sulfur Mustard ) *(【引用サイトリンク】title=NATO Presses New Libyan Leaders to Eliminate Mustard Agent - Global Security Newswire - NTI )〕 Pure sulfur mustards are colorless, viscous liquids at room temperature. When used in impure form, such as warfare agents, they are usually yellow-brown in color and have an odor resembling mustard plants, garlic, or horseradish, hence the name. Mustard agent was originally assigned the name LOST, after the scientists Wilhelm Lommel and Wilhelm Steinkopf, who developed a method for the large-scale production of mustard agent for the Imperial German Army in 1916. Mustard agents are regulated under the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Three classes of chemicals are monitored under this Convention, with sulfur and nitrogen mustard grouped in Schedule 1, as substances with no use other than in chemical warfare. Mustard agents could be deployed on the battlefield by means of artillery shells, aerial bombs, rockets, or by spraying from warplanes. ==Synthesis== Sulfur mustard is the organic compound with formula (ClCH2CH2)2S. In the Depretz method, sulfur mustard is synthesized by treating sulfur dichloride with ethylene: : SCl2 + 2 C2H4 → (ClCH2CH2)2S In the Levinstein process, disulfur dichloride is used instead:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chemical Weapons Production and Storage )〕 : 8 S2Cl2 + 16 C2H4 → 8 (ClCH2CH2)2S + S8 In the Meyer method, thiodiglycol is produced from chloroethanol and potassium sulfide and chlorinated with phosphorus trichloride: : 3 (HOCH2CH2)2S + 2 PCl3 → 3 (ClCH2CH2)2S + 2 P(OH)3 In the Meyer-Clarke method, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) instead of PCl3 is used as the chlorinating agent: : (HOCH2CH2)2S + 2 HCl → (ClCH2CH2)2S + 2 H2O Thionyl chloride and phosgene, the latter of which (CG) is also a choking agent, have also been used as chlorinating agents. It is a viscous liquid at normal temperatures. The pure compound has a melting point of and decomposes before boiling at . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sulfur mustard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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